656 lines
24 KiB
Python
656 lines
24 KiB
Python
""":module: watchdog.observers.kqueue
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:synopsis: ``kqueue(2)`` based emitter implementation.
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:author: yesudeep@google.com (Yesudeep Mangalapilly)
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:author: contact@tiger-222.fr (Mickaël Schoentgen)
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:platforms: macOS and BSD with kqueue(2).
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.. WARNING:: kqueue is a very heavyweight way to monitor file systems.
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Each kqueue-detected directory modification triggers
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a full directory scan. Traversing the entire directory tree
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and opening file descriptors for all files will create
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performance problems. We need to find a way to re-scan
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only those directories which report changes and do a diff
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between two sub-DirectorySnapshots perhaps.
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.. ADMONITION:: About OS X performance guidelines
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Quote from the `macOS File System Performance Guidelines`_:
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"When you only want to track changes on a file or directory, be sure to
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open it using the ``O_EVTONLY`` flag. This flag prevents the file or
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directory from being marked as open or in use. This is important
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if you are tracking files on a removable volume and the user tries to
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unmount the volume. With this flag in place, the system knows it can
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dismiss the volume. If you had opened the files or directories without
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this flag, the volume would be marked as busy and would not be
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unmounted."
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``O_EVTONLY`` is defined as ``0x8000`` in the OS X header files.
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More information here: http://www.mlsite.net/blog/?p=2312
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Classes
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-------
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.. autoclass:: KqueueEmitter
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:members:
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:show-inheritance:
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Collections and Utility Classes
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-------------------------------
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.. autoclass:: KeventDescriptor
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:members:
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:show-inheritance:
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.. autoclass:: KeventDescriptorSet
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:members:
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:show-inheritance:
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.. _macOS File System Performance Guidelines:
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http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/Performance/Conceptual/FileSystem/Articles/TrackingChanges.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/20001993-CJBJFIDD
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"""
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# The `select` module varies between platforms.
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# mypy may complain about missing module attributes depending on which platform it's running on.
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# The comment below disables mypy's attribute check.
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# mypy: disable-error-code="attr-defined, name-defined"
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from __future__ import annotations
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import contextlib
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import errno
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import os
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import os.path
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import select
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import threading
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from stat import S_ISDIR
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from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
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from watchdog.events import (
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EVENT_TYPE_CREATED,
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EVENT_TYPE_DELETED,
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EVENT_TYPE_MOVED,
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DirCreatedEvent,
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DirDeletedEvent,
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DirModifiedEvent,
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DirMovedEvent,
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FileCreatedEvent,
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FileDeletedEvent,
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FileModifiedEvent,
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FileMovedEvent,
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generate_sub_moved_events,
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)
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from watchdog.observers.api import DEFAULT_EMITTER_TIMEOUT, DEFAULT_OBSERVER_TIMEOUT, BaseObserver, EventEmitter
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from watchdog.utils import platform
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from watchdog.utils.dirsnapshot import DirectorySnapshot
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if TYPE_CHECKING:
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from collections.abc import Generator
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from typing import Callable
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from watchdog.events import FileSystemEvent
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from watchdog.observers.api import EventQueue, ObservedWatch
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# Maximum number of events to process.
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MAX_EVENTS = 4096
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# O_EVTONLY value from the header files for OS X only.
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O_EVTONLY = 0x8000
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# Pre-calculated values for the kevent filter, flags, and fflags attributes.
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WATCHDOG_OS_OPEN_FLAGS = O_EVTONLY if platform.is_darwin() else os.O_RDONLY | os.O_NONBLOCK
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WATCHDOG_KQ_FILTER = select.KQ_FILTER_VNODE
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WATCHDOG_KQ_EV_FLAGS = select.KQ_EV_ADD | select.KQ_EV_ENABLE | select.KQ_EV_CLEAR
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WATCHDOG_KQ_FFLAGS = (
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select.KQ_NOTE_DELETE
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| select.KQ_NOTE_WRITE
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| select.KQ_NOTE_EXTEND
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| select.KQ_NOTE_ATTRIB
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| select.KQ_NOTE_LINK
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| select.KQ_NOTE_RENAME
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| select.KQ_NOTE_REVOKE
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)
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def absolute_path(path: bytes | str) -> bytes | str:
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return os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(path))
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# Flag tests.
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def is_deleted(kev: select.kevent) -> bool:
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"""Determines whether the given kevent represents deletion."""
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return kev.fflags & select.KQ_NOTE_DELETE > 0
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def is_modified(kev: select.kevent) -> bool:
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"""Determines whether the given kevent represents modification."""
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fflags = kev.fflags
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return (fflags & select.KQ_NOTE_EXTEND > 0) or (fflags & select.KQ_NOTE_WRITE > 0)
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def is_attrib_modified(kev: select.kevent) -> bool:
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"""Determines whether the given kevent represents attribute modification."""
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return kev.fflags & select.KQ_NOTE_ATTRIB > 0
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def is_renamed(kev: select.kevent) -> bool:
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"""Determines whether the given kevent represents movement."""
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return kev.fflags & select.KQ_NOTE_RENAME > 0
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class KeventDescriptorSet:
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"""Thread-safe kevent descriptor collection."""
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def __init__(self) -> None:
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self._descriptors: set[KeventDescriptor] = set()
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self._descriptor_for_path: dict[bytes | str, KeventDescriptor] = {}
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self._descriptor_for_fd: dict[int, KeventDescriptor] = {}
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self._kevents: list[select.kevent] = []
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self._lock = threading.Lock()
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@property
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def kevents(self) -> list[select.kevent]:
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"""List of kevents monitored."""
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with self._lock:
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return self._kevents
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@property
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def paths(self) -> list[bytes | str]:
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"""List of paths for which kevents have been created."""
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with self._lock:
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return list(self._descriptor_for_path.keys())
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def get_for_fd(self, fd: int) -> KeventDescriptor:
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"""Given a file descriptor, returns the kevent descriptor object
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for it.
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:param fd:
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OS file descriptor.
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:type fd:
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``int``
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:returns:
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A :class:`KeventDescriptor` object.
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"""
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with self._lock:
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return self._descriptor_for_fd[fd]
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def get(self, path: bytes | str) -> KeventDescriptor:
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"""Obtains a :class:`KeventDescriptor` object for the specified path.
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:param path:
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Path for which the descriptor will be obtained.
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"""
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with self._lock:
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path = absolute_path(path)
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return self._get(path)
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def __contains__(self, path: bytes | str) -> bool:
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"""Determines whether a :class:`KeventDescriptor has been registered
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for the specified path.
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:param path:
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Path for which the descriptor will be obtained.
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"""
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with self._lock:
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path = absolute_path(path)
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return self._has_path(path)
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def add(self, path: bytes | str, *, is_directory: bool) -> None:
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"""Adds a :class:`KeventDescriptor` to the collection for the given
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path.
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:param path:
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The path for which a :class:`KeventDescriptor` object will be
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added.
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:param is_directory:
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``True`` if the path refers to a directory; ``False`` otherwise.
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:type is_directory:
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``bool``
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"""
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with self._lock:
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path = absolute_path(path)
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if not self._has_path(path):
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self._add_descriptor(KeventDescriptor(path, is_directory=is_directory))
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def remove(self, path: bytes | str) -> None:
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"""Removes the :class:`KeventDescriptor` object for the given path
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if it already exists.
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:param path:
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Path for which the :class:`KeventDescriptor` object will be
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removed.
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"""
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with self._lock:
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path = absolute_path(path)
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if self._has_path(path):
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self._remove_descriptor(self._get(path))
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def clear(self) -> None:
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"""Clears the collection and closes all open descriptors."""
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with self._lock:
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for descriptor in self._descriptors:
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descriptor.close()
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self._descriptors.clear()
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self._descriptor_for_fd.clear()
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self._descriptor_for_path.clear()
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self._kevents = []
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# Thread-unsafe methods. Locking is provided at a higher level.
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def _get(self, path: bytes | str) -> KeventDescriptor:
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"""Returns a kevent descriptor for a given path."""
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return self._descriptor_for_path[path]
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def _has_path(self, path: bytes | str) -> bool:
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"""Determines whether a :class:`KeventDescriptor` for the specified
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path exists already in the collection.
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"""
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return path in self._descriptor_for_path
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def _add_descriptor(self, descriptor: KeventDescriptor) -> None:
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"""Adds a descriptor to the collection.
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:param descriptor:
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An instance of :class:`KeventDescriptor` to be added.
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"""
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self._descriptors.add(descriptor)
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self._kevents.append(descriptor.kevent)
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self._descriptor_for_path[descriptor.path] = descriptor
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self._descriptor_for_fd[descriptor.fd] = descriptor
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def _remove_descriptor(self, descriptor: KeventDescriptor) -> None:
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"""Removes a descriptor from the collection.
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:param descriptor:
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An instance of :class:`KeventDescriptor` to be removed.
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"""
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self._descriptors.remove(descriptor)
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del self._descriptor_for_fd[descriptor.fd]
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del self._descriptor_for_path[descriptor.path]
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self._kevents.remove(descriptor.kevent)
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descriptor.close()
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class KeventDescriptor:
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"""A kevent descriptor convenience data structure to keep together:
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* kevent
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* directory status
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* path
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* file descriptor
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:param path:
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Path string for which a kevent descriptor will be created.
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:param is_directory:
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``True`` if the path refers to a directory; ``False`` otherwise.
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:type is_directory:
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``bool``
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"""
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def __init__(self, path: bytes | str, *, is_directory: bool) -> None:
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self._path = absolute_path(path)
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self._is_directory = is_directory
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self._fd = os.open(path, WATCHDOG_OS_OPEN_FLAGS)
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self._kev = select.kevent(
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self._fd,
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filter=WATCHDOG_KQ_FILTER,
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flags=WATCHDOG_KQ_EV_FLAGS,
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fflags=WATCHDOG_KQ_FFLAGS,
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)
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@property
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def fd(self) -> int:
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"""OS file descriptor for the kevent descriptor."""
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return self._fd
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@property
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def path(self) -> bytes | str:
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"""The path associated with the kevent descriptor."""
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return self._path
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@property
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def kevent(self) -> select.kevent:
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"""The kevent object associated with the kevent descriptor."""
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return self._kev
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@property
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def is_directory(self) -> bool:
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"""Determines whether the kevent descriptor refers to a directory.
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:returns:
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``True`` or ``False``
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"""
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return self._is_directory
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def close(self) -> None:
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"""Closes the file descriptor associated with a kevent descriptor."""
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with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
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os.close(self.fd)
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@property
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def key(self) -> tuple[bytes | str, bool]:
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return (self.path, self.is_directory)
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def __eq__(self, descriptor: object) -> bool:
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if not isinstance(descriptor, KeventDescriptor):
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return NotImplemented
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return self.key == descriptor.key
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def __ne__(self, descriptor: object) -> bool:
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if not isinstance(descriptor, KeventDescriptor):
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return NotImplemented
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return self.key != descriptor.key
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def __hash__(self) -> int:
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return hash(self.key)
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def __repr__(self) -> str:
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return f"<{type(self).__name__}: path={self.path!r}, is_directory={self.is_directory}>"
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class KqueueEmitter(EventEmitter):
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"""kqueue(2)-based event emitter.
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.. ADMONITION:: About ``kqueue(2)`` behavior and this implementation
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``kqueue(2)`` monitors file system events only for
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open descriptors, which means, this emitter does a lot of
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book-keeping behind the scenes to keep track of open
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descriptors for every entry in the monitored directory tree.
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This also means the number of maximum open file descriptors
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on your system must be increased **manually**.
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Usually, issuing a call to ``ulimit`` should suffice::
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ulimit -n 1024
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Ensure that you pick a number that is larger than the
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number of files you expect to be monitored.
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``kqueue(2)`` does not provide enough information about the
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following things:
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* The destination path of a file or directory that is renamed.
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* Creation of a file or directory within a directory; in this
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case, ``kqueue(2)`` only indicates a modified event on the
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parent directory.
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Therefore, this emitter takes a snapshot of the directory
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tree when ``kqueue(2)`` detects a change on the file system
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to be able to determine the above information.
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:param event_queue:
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The event queue to fill with events.
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:param watch:
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A watch object representing the directory to monitor.
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:type watch:
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:class:`watchdog.observers.api.ObservedWatch`
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:param timeout:
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Read events blocking timeout (in seconds).
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:type timeout:
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``float``
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:param event_filter:
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Collection of event types to emit, or None for no filtering (default).
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:type event_filter:
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Iterable[:class:`watchdog.events.FileSystemEvent`] | None
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:param stat: stat function. See ``os.stat`` for details.
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"""
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def __init__(
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self,
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event_queue: EventQueue,
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watch: ObservedWatch,
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*,
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timeout: float = DEFAULT_EMITTER_TIMEOUT,
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event_filter: list[type[FileSystemEvent]] | None = None,
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stat: Callable[[str], os.stat_result] = os.stat,
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) -> None:
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super().__init__(event_queue, watch, timeout=timeout, event_filter=event_filter)
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self._kq = select.kqueue()
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self._lock = threading.RLock()
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# A collection of KeventDescriptor.
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self._descriptors = KeventDescriptorSet()
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def custom_stat(path: str, cls: KqueueEmitter = self) -> os.stat_result:
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stat_info = stat(path)
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cls._register_kevent(path, is_directory=S_ISDIR(stat_info.st_mode))
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return stat_info
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self._snapshot = DirectorySnapshot(watch.path, recursive=watch.is_recursive, stat=custom_stat)
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def _register_kevent(self, path: bytes | str, *, is_directory: bool) -> None:
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"""Registers a kevent descriptor for the given path.
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:param path:
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Path for which a kevent descriptor will be created.
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:param is_directory:
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``True`` if the path refers to a directory; ``False`` otherwise.
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:type is_directory:
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``bool``
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"""
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try:
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self._descriptors.add(path, is_directory=is_directory)
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except OSError as e:
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if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
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# Probably dealing with a temporary file that was created
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# and then quickly deleted before we could open
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# a descriptor for it. Therefore, simply queue a sequence
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# of created and deleted events for the path.
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# TODO: We could simply ignore these files.
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# Locked files cause the python process to die with
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# a bus error when we handle temporary files.
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# eg. .git/index.lock when running tig operations.
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# I don't fully understand this at the moment.
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pass
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elif e.errno == errno.EOPNOTSUPP:
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# Probably dealing with the socket or special file
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# mounted through a file system that does not support
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# access to it (e.g. NFS). On BSD systems look at
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# EOPNOTSUPP in man 2 open.
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pass
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else:
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# All other errors are propagated.
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raise
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def _unregister_kevent(self, path: bytes | str) -> None:
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"""Convenience function to close the kevent descriptor for a
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specified kqueue-monitored path.
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:param path:
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Path for which the kevent descriptor will be closed.
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"""
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self._descriptors.remove(path)
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def queue_event(self, event: FileSystemEvent) -> None:
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"""Handles queueing a single event object.
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:param event:
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An instance of :class:`watchdog.events.FileSystemEvent`
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or a subclass.
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"""
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# Handles all the book keeping for queued events.
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# We do not need to fire moved/deleted events for all subitems in
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# a directory tree here, because this function is called by kqueue
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# for all those events anyway.
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EventEmitter.queue_event(self, event)
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if event.event_type == EVENT_TYPE_CREATED:
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self._register_kevent(event.src_path, is_directory=event.is_directory)
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elif event.event_type == EVENT_TYPE_MOVED:
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self._unregister_kevent(event.src_path)
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self._register_kevent(event.dest_path, is_directory=event.is_directory)
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elif event.event_type == EVENT_TYPE_DELETED:
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self._unregister_kevent(event.src_path)
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def _gen_kqueue_events(
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self, kev: select.kevent, ref_snapshot: DirectorySnapshot, new_snapshot: DirectorySnapshot
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) -> Generator[FileSystemEvent]:
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"""Generate events from the kevent list returned from the call to
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:meth:`select.kqueue.control`.
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.. NOTE:: kqueue only tells us about deletions, file modifications,
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attribute modifications. The other events, namely,
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file creation, directory modification, file rename,
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directory rename, directory creation, etc. are
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determined by comparing directory snapshots.
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"""
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descriptor = self._descriptors.get_for_fd(kev.ident)
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src_path = descriptor.path
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if is_renamed(kev):
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# Kqueue does not specify the destination names for renames
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# to, so we have to process these using the a snapshot
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# of the directory.
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yield from self._gen_renamed_events(
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src_path,
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ref_snapshot,
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new_snapshot,
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is_directory=descriptor.is_directory,
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)
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elif is_attrib_modified(kev):
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if descriptor.is_directory:
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yield DirModifiedEvent(src_path)
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else:
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yield FileModifiedEvent(src_path)
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elif is_modified(kev):
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if descriptor.is_directory:
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if self.watch.is_recursive or self.watch.path == src_path:
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# When a directory is modified, it may be due to
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|
# sub-file/directory renames or new file/directory
|
|
# creation. We determine all this by comparing
|
|
# snapshots later.
|
|
yield DirModifiedEvent(src_path)
|
|
else:
|
|
yield FileModifiedEvent(src_path)
|
|
elif is_deleted(kev):
|
|
if descriptor.is_directory:
|
|
yield DirDeletedEvent(src_path)
|
|
else:
|
|
yield FileDeletedEvent(src_path)
|
|
|
|
def _parent_dir_modified(self, src_path: bytes | str) -> DirModifiedEvent:
|
|
"""Helper to generate a DirModifiedEvent on the parent of src_path."""
|
|
return DirModifiedEvent(os.path.dirname(src_path))
|
|
|
|
def _gen_renamed_events(
|
|
self,
|
|
src_path: bytes | str,
|
|
ref_snapshot: DirectorySnapshot,
|
|
new_snapshot: DirectorySnapshot,
|
|
*,
|
|
is_directory: bool,
|
|
) -> Generator[FileSystemEvent]:
|
|
"""Compares information from two directory snapshots (one taken before
|
|
the rename operation and another taken right after) to determine the
|
|
destination path of the file system object renamed, and yields
|
|
the appropriate events to be queued.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
f_inode = ref_snapshot.inode(src_path)
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
# Probably caught a temporary file/directory that was renamed
|
|
# and deleted. Fires a sequence of created and deleted events
|
|
# for the path.
|
|
if is_directory:
|
|
yield DirCreatedEvent(src_path)
|
|
yield DirDeletedEvent(src_path)
|
|
else:
|
|
yield FileCreatedEvent(src_path)
|
|
yield FileDeletedEvent(src_path)
|
|
# We don't process any further and bail out assuming
|
|
# the event represents deletion/creation instead of movement.
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
dest_path = new_snapshot.path(f_inode)
|
|
if dest_path is not None:
|
|
dest_path = absolute_path(dest_path)
|
|
if is_directory:
|
|
yield DirMovedEvent(src_path, dest_path)
|
|
else:
|
|
yield FileMovedEvent(src_path, dest_path)
|
|
yield self._parent_dir_modified(src_path)
|
|
yield self._parent_dir_modified(dest_path)
|
|
if is_directory and self.watch.is_recursive:
|
|
# TODO: Do we need to fire moved events for the items
|
|
# inside the directory tree? Does kqueue does this
|
|
# all by itself? Check this and then enable this code
|
|
# only if it doesn't already.
|
|
# A: It doesn't. So I've enabled this block.
|
|
yield from generate_sub_moved_events(src_path, dest_path)
|
|
else:
|
|
# If the new snapshot does not have an inode for the
|
|
# old path, we haven't found the new name. Therefore,
|
|
# we mark it as deleted and remove unregister the path.
|
|
if is_directory:
|
|
yield DirDeletedEvent(src_path)
|
|
else:
|
|
yield FileDeletedEvent(src_path)
|
|
yield self._parent_dir_modified(src_path)
|
|
|
|
def _read_events(self, timeout: float) -> list[select.kevent]:
|
|
"""Reads events from a call to the blocking
|
|
:meth:`select.kqueue.control()` method.
|
|
|
|
:param timeout:
|
|
Blocking timeout for reading events.
|
|
:type timeout:
|
|
``float`` (seconds)
|
|
"""
|
|
return self._kq.control(self._descriptors.kevents, MAX_EVENTS, timeout)
|
|
|
|
def queue_events(self, timeout: float) -> None:
|
|
"""Queues events by reading them from a call to the blocking
|
|
:meth:`select.kqueue.control()` method.
|
|
|
|
:param timeout:
|
|
Blocking timeout for reading events.
|
|
:type timeout:
|
|
``float`` (seconds)
|
|
"""
|
|
with self._lock:
|
|
try:
|
|
event_list = self._read_events(timeout)
|
|
# TODO: investigate why order appears to be reversed
|
|
event_list.reverse()
|
|
|
|
# Take a fresh snapshot of the directory and update the
|
|
# saved snapshot.
|
|
new_snapshot = DirectorySnapshot(self.watch.path, recursive=self.watch.is_recursive)
|
|
ref_snapshot = self._snapshot
|
|
self._snapshot = new_snapshot
|
|
diff_events = new_snapshot - ref_snapshot
|
|
|
|
# Process events
|
|
for directory_created in diff_events.dirs_created:
|
|
self.queue_event(DirCreatedEvent(directory_created))
|
|
for file_created in diff_events.files_created:
|
|
self.queue_event(FileCreatedEvent(file_created))
|
|
for file_modified in diff_events.files_modified:
|
|
self.queue_event(FileModifiedEvent(file_modified))
|
|
|
|
for kev in event_list:
|
|
for event in self._gen_kqueue_events(kev, ref_snapshot, new_snapshot):
|
|
self.queue_event(event)
|
|
|
|
except OSError as e:
|
|
if e.errno != errno.EBADF:
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def on_thread_stop(self) -> None:
|
|
# Clean up.
|
|
with self._lock:
|
|
self._descriptors.clear()
|
|
self._kq.close()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class KqueueObserver(BaseObserver):
|
|
"""Observer thread that schedules watching directories and dispatches
|
|
calls to event handlers.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, *, timeout: float = DEFAULT_OBSERVER_TIMEOUT) -> None:
|
|
super().__init__(KqueueEmitter, timeout=timeout)
|